The National Border Industrialization Program - 1370 Words

In the mid 1960’s the National Border Industrialization program began, helping the maquiladoras industry and the development of infrastructure of its northern border. Creating job opportunities and means of products into the country. According to Mexico Maquiladoras and NAFTA, Patrick Kelly describes that the maquiladora program â€Å"allowed foreign manufacturers to temporarily import duty free machinery, tools, equipment, replacement parts and raw of plentiful and comparatively cheap labor and low transportation costs, materials necessary to assemble and manufacture for export outside the country, which had become an advantage for U.S manufacturers. When the maquiladora industry first began they did not want foreign equipment or raw material to be sold in Mexico without being subject to duty. The Mexican government had its own regulations, within those regulations the maquilas were not allowed to sell completed products in Mexican markets with the risk of losing their regi stration and continuance of importing goods free of duty. This regulation began to lose its standards in the 1970s. According to Hanson, once the rules weren’t practiced like before its import changed and allowed the use of maquiladoras as part of its Border Industrialization Program. Hanson claims that â€Å"the program permitted firms to import free of duty the inputs, machinery, and parts they would need for export assembly operations†. Maquiladoras or factories as they are known today, were required toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of A Border Region During World War II1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of a border region has always been an issue of sovereignty--which national or international power can claim the right to control a border? The U.S./Mexico borderlands are no exception, and the transgression between malleable policies and stringent militarization has occurred rapidly throughout the 20th century. The high levels of socioeconomic and political ties that have existed within the border regions of California, New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona have evolved since the boom ofRead MoreImmigration Policies During Mexican Immigration Across The Border From The Mid 20th Century Into The 21st Century1627 Words   |  7 Pageswhat extent have United States immigration policies contributed to the fluctuating trends in Mexican immigration across the border from the mid-20th century into the 21st century? Alejandra Estrada Professor Sarah Lischer POL 251 To what extent have United States immigration policies contributed to the fluctuating trends in Mexican immigration across the border from the mid-20th century into the 21st century? This report is centralized around two main arguments. The first argument accountsRead MoreEssay on Protecting the U.S. Mexican Border1341 Words   |  6 PagesMexican border is a line drawn on a map and along with many other borders all around the world. That line can signify a difference on each side which can be a difference as from black to white. Within the U.S. and Mexican border along with other nations this border is commonly the difference between the United States growing into a superpower which entitles things as a better life of the people, better living, better conditions, more rights, and so forth . Within the Mexican side of the border, theRead MoreCauses Of The Soviet Union1380 Words   |  6 Pagescountry. The Soviet union preliminary built independent relatively complete national econ omic system, laid the material foundation for realizing the socialist industrialization. Since the new economic policies, the Soviet economy basically recovered to its pre-war level in 1925. But the modern industry of the Soviet union is still relatively backward, and steel and electricity production cannot meet the needs of the national economy. The latest big industries, such as automobiles, aircraft manufacturingRead MoreThe Clean Water Act ( Cwa )1579 Words   |  7 PagesGeographical River Basin Description: The Rio Grande is the fifth longest river in the U.S and on the top 20 list in the world. It runs from the San Juan Mountains of Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico (1,901 miles), and forms a 1,255 mile segment of the border between the U.S and Mexico. Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas are the four Mexican states associated with the Rio Grande. The entire watershed covers an area approximately 924,300 sq. kilometers (335,000 sq. mi.), with approximately halfRead Mo reA Brief Note On The Border Between The United States And Mexico1326 Words   |  6 PagesCollapse Southwestern Border On the South Western border of the United States roughly 2000 immigrants cross the border illegally from Mexico every day. The vast majority of these immigrants are seeking financial security and a safer life in the United States however, some are coming over to traffic weapons and drugs for gangs and cartels. It is these few individuals that have caused the U.S. government to pursue a multi-billion dollar defense along the border. The border between the United StatesRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of The Maquiladora Industry2366 Words   |  10 Pagesit affect the infrastructure of our border cities? The maquiladora industry has had a major impact on the lives of its employees. A documentary from 2006 Maquilapolis, by Vicky Funario and Sergio de la Torre, show different women talking about the type of products they assemble, from filters, toys, batteries, and electrical parts to automobile parts. In 1965 the (BIP) Mexico’s Border Industrialization Program was put into effect, maquiladoras emerging in border cities creating big business opportunitiesRead MoreThe Maquiladora Socio Economic And Environmental Impact On The U.s.2521 Words   |  11 PagesTerry Gutierrez Poli 146A Analytical Paper December 9, 2014 The Maquiladora Socio-economic and Environmental Impact on the U.S.-Mexico Border During the late twentieth century, nations throughout the Western Hemisphere found themselves exhausted economically due to a combination of recessions which occurred from the late sixties to the early nineteen eighties-caused most in part due to energy crises and government regulations to combat inflation (due to counteract Cold War spending). Combined withRead MoreThe Issue Of Slavery During The Westward Expansion1356 Words   |  6 Pagesnew territories. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the North supported industrialization and manufacturing, while the South was mostly focused on the agricultural development. The whole economy of the southern states depended largely on the cotton production. For many years, the issues of slavery, human rights and racial inequality were the main topics for discussion by people, and the expansion of borders in the beginning of the nineteenth century intensified discussions around these questionsRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Public Opi nion And Chinese Politics1712 Words   |  7 Pagesmagazines, and countless web-media compete fiercely for attention and over a lucrative advertising market. The development of new technology and the prevalent use of internet have also triggered a massive explosion on internet users, according to the national survey, there are approximately 668 milion online users by 2015, 88.9% of them use their mobile devices to get access to the internet and the number is still steadily increasing. Due to the controversial nature of the country’s politics, the state

The Importance Of Intimacy And Its Relation On Well...

The importance behind intimacy and its relation to well-rounded relationships is something that is greatly misunderstood and not practiced by many people. The word intimacy is commonly misconstrued, when people think of intimacy or intimate relationships they often think of sex when in reality it is much more than that. According to Cox and Demmitt, being truly intimate with someone means â€Å"experiencing intense intellectual, emotional, and (when appropriate) physical communion with another human being† (2, 3). Intimate relationships are not limited to boyfriend and girlfriend or husband and wives (when using heterosexual relationships as an example) but also include family relationships of all sorts, relationships with friends, one’s own†¦show more content†¦Successful and beneficial relationships should offer both people a place for â€Å"communication of personal feelings, acceptance of personal limitations, respect for personal feelings, affirmation of one another, sharing of hurts and fears of being hurt, and forgiveness of errors† (42). Relationships can give us so much when taken seriously and in order for that to happen young adults and teenagers need to know how healthy relationships work and how to get there. According to Daniel Goldstein there are three stages of love: romantic, disappointment, and acceptance. When relationships first begins they generally give a feeling of excitement and newness. This is the first stage, Romantic, where everything about the other person is just perfect; one can say you have rose colored glasses on. After a while comes the stage of disappointment where suddenly their partner doesn’t seem to be as cute and perfect as they used to be, and if they can get over that and love them for who they are, then comes acceptance. This is usually when the relationship starts to get a little more serious and where good communication, commitment, and respect for each other really needs to come into play. In relationships its always important for both partners to feel loved and appreciated but while also allowing each other a place for honesty and openness. Although dating and relationships are a little confusing and not as established in this time, it is

Urban Legend English free essay sample

Urban Legend English ay advertising A man is driving home from the party, it was a really dark road and he was really drunk. Then he sang a song, he was singing row, row, row your boat, gently down the stream, merrily, merrily, merrily, life is but a dream. And Just a sudden; a resounding life is but a dream followed up, but its quite high-pitched.Then he laughed it out loud as he thought he has a mere imagination. On the second time he want to sing, after he sing the old McDonald had a farm and until that he suddenly get distracted y the radio that announce that all area around IBM Road should be careful as a homicide Just happened by a psychopath woman. Suddenly theres somebody singing ;AAA, AAA, 00.He frozen in a second, he noticed a very bad smell, a blood smell. By the time he was conscious, without delay he opened the car door but at the same time it NAS all too late, a long sharp metallic pole had penetrate through his head rest and frontal cortex. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Legend English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Forsythia, a melodious rhythm was sang; and on his car there was a man.

Traditionalists vs Modernists free essay sample

Beginning in the 1920s, the United States begins to undergo an obvious shift in societal values. Cultures begin to transform and new ideas are implemented in to the American population. This change in society brought forth the Modern Culture of the 1920s, one that would not remain unchallenged and had to run against the Traditionalist ideals of America. Traditionalists, as the name suggests, wanted to ensure that the nation maintained the same image that was already making America known throughout the world because of the culture it already had. Their world truly got flipped upside down by the emergence of Modernists. Traditionalists imposed their values heavily upon Modernism, often with little to no effect since Modernists were not fazed and continued to support their cause. In the 1920s, a sentiment known as nativism, or the radical protection of citizens born within the country, was now taking shape once again. The famous Ku Klux Klan from the 1860s and 1870s, now re-emerged in the Midwest and the South (Newman and Schmalbach 486). We will write a custom essay sample on Traditionalists vs Modernists or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movie directed by DW Griffith, Birth of A Nation, glorified the early Klan and influenced whites to once again gain the motivation to continue on with it. They wanted to expel immigrants from the country due to their low wage jobs which many businesses would exploit. Soon enough, the push for the defense of traditional values took a great leap. They no longer simply terrorized immigrants or those who were classified as racially impure, they threatened those who also posed a threat to what they stood for, their traditional values. (Brinkley 632) Klan members would act out their own versions of vigilante justice with killing people, strange rituals, and hurting many more. The Klan seemed to be rising more and more as time passed. White Americans at first accepted the Klan and what it stood for since it seemed to depict Christian morality by casting out those not cut out for the glory and by driving out adulterers and gamblers. In 1925, the Klan began to suffer a massive downfall with several scandals hitting the core. A northern newspaper reported that corruption and fraud â€Å"in the KKK were rife†. The Indian Klan leader named David Stephenson brought headlines to the klan as he was responsible for the murder and rape of a young secretary. Membership took a dive but the Klan marched proudly 40 years later in to the 60s. The extremely fierce and debated topic of prohibition was one which was widespread throughout the 1920s. Alcohol was viewed by many as an evil which needed to be rid of. It was causing too much chaos in society in many people’s s eyes. The passing of the 18th amendment was meant to keep a workforce which was sober dur ing wartime concerns by banning all production and distribution of alcoholic beverages throughout the entire United States. This had very little effect on the selling of alcohol as bootleg liquor was sold at bars throughout the country at a rampant rate. The selling of illegal liquor was almost encouraged since police did little to stop the alcohol infestation because they were paid to be kept quiet. At the time, President Harding was even seen serving illegal alcohol to his White House guests. Fervent supporters of the ban on alcohol pointed out a decline in alcohol related deaths but they failed to recognize those numbers were being replaced very easily due to a rise in criminal activity. (Newman and Schmalbach 484) The famous crime lord named Al Capone prospered during this era by selling alcohol. He hired as many as 1000 gunmen to guard his alcohol and they caused over 250 deaths in the city of Chicago (Brinkley, 631). In 1933, the â€Å"Modernists†obtained another victor y as the 21st amendment which repealed the Prohibition amendment was finally passed. The famous â€Å"Scopes Trial† proved to be another crucial victory for the Modernists over the traditionalists. The Modernists wanted to adapt religion to the teachings of science through the theory of evolution while the â€Å"Fundamentalists† or Traditionalists wanted to keep the Bible as the sole interpretation of the creation of the world. The teachings of Charles Darwin were rejected but Fundamentalists and they soon banned teachers from teaching any creation theory other than the Bible.(Brinkley, 633) John T. Scopes, a professor in Dayton, Tennessee, agreed to be the defendant in a mock trial offered by the American Civil Liberties Union. Clarence Darrow was called to defend Scopes while William Jennings Bryan came in as a Bible Expert. The conclusion seemed to be that this would be a great victory for the Fundamentalists over this new generation but the Modernists stood out. Darrow challenged Bryan and made his biblical truths look foolish. Jennings Bryan even admitted to the radio that there is not one interpretation to all religious dogma. Modernists were also able to impose their hand upon traditionalist by applying the pressure themselves. They caused a revolution in the Classic morals that had been brought upon by Traditionalists. Perhaps the most extended change in young people’s lives in the 20s came in the form of sexual taboos. For example, Sigmund Freud â€Å"stressed the role of sexual repression in mental illness†. Premarital sex was now taken as a new â€Å"invention† during the era. Birth control too was beginning to garner a crowd of people and gain popularity thanks to the advocation of Margaret Sanger along with others. The flapper movement was also seen as a big revolt by Traditionalists. Women began to feel more freedom and liberty. They now began bobbing their hair to make it short instead of long and wore skirts which reached down to the knee instead of the ankle. Modernists were beginning to gain prominence in society as well as influence. As society has evolved, it is clear that modernism had its influence placed upon society due to the clear cut changes from the traditionalist ideals in the 1920s. The Modernists came out victorious in the long run as they were able to dispose of most fundamentalist views. This is seen clearly through the Scopes Trial when Clarence Darrow put Jennings Bryan and creationism against the wall. Traditionalists also failed themselves and their cause with the Ku Klux Klan through causing several controversies. All in all, the Modernists were able to urge their ideals upon society forever.

Community service Essays - Civil Society, Free Labor, Volunteerism

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programs (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree? I am a totally positive advocator for the idea that high school students should do some volunteering community service as a compulsory part of their regular curriculum. This point of my view is supported by the following reasons. For one, it will be helpful for students to build up a better understanding of the community they live with by practical way and then develop their caring for the society as a whole and the people who live in. therefore they can grow up as a decent citizen with sense of empathy when older. Also, it has been commonly recognized that doing such community services as volunteering teaching or charity work, is method of learning which has been seen as a supplement of the current schooling system. Unlike knowledge education, students will have more physical work to do which has been proved to play a significant role of nurturing their leadership skills and communication skills that will help them to involve in the society in the future after their graduation. On that term, it is no doubt a necessary part of self-development. However, there are some reasonable concerns showed up for this action. Some parents worry that it might led to a conflict with other main subject with the limited time and capability of human study. Meanwhile, it is a challenge for the student to figure out the real meaning behind for doing such unpaid service and then become a waste of time. it definitely have the possibility to occur, somehow if we try to make the considerate arrangement and do some guided instruction ahead, these predicted problem can be fixed in a good way. No doubts, to make the revolution happen in a positive way need our educators to put extra effort. Somehow it is definitely worth to try for the brighter outlook for the world. All in all, it is time to give a brace to the pioneer educational attempt.

Pope Clement VII Profile

Pope Clement VII Profile Pope Clement VII was also known as: Giulio de Medici Pope Clement VII is noted for: Failing to recognize and deal with the significant changes of the Reformation. Indecisive and in over his head, Clements inability to stand strong against the powers of France and the Holy Roman Empire made an unstable situation worse. He was the pope whose refusal to give Englands king Henry VIII a divorce touched off the English Reformation. Occupation and Role in Society: Pope Places of Residence and Influence: Italy Important Dates: Born: May 26, 1478, Florence Elected pope: Nov. 18, 1523 Imprisoned by the Emperors troops: May, 1527 Died: Sept. 25, 1534 About Clement VII: Giulio de Medici was the illegitimate son of Giuliano de Medici, and he was raised by Giulianos brother, Lorenzo the Magnificent. In 1513 his cousin, Pope Leo X, made him archbishop of Florence and cardinal. Giuliano influenced Leos policies, and also planned some impressive works of art to honor his family. As pope, Clement wasnt up to the challenge of the Reformation. He failed to understand the significance of the Lutheran movement and allowed his involvement in Europes political sphere to reduce his effectiveness in spiritual matters. Emperor Charles V had supported Clements candidacy for pope, and he saw the Empire and the Papacy as a partnership. However, Clement allied himself with Charles longtime enemy, Francis I of France, in the League of Cognac. This rift eventually resulted in imperial armies sacking Rome and imprisoning Clement in the castle of SantAngelo. Even after his confinement ended several months later, Clement remained under imperial influence. His compromised position interfered with his ability to deal with Henry VIIIs request for an annulment, and he was never able to make any viable decisions regarding the upheaval that the Reformation had become. edited by Kenneth Gouwens and Sheryl E. Reissby P. G. Maxwell-Stuart

First Semester 2009 Examination(International Business Law) Essay - 1

First Semester 2009 Examination(International Business Law) - Essay Example Additionally, the role off the World Trade Organization along with the association of the element of finance is in all probability even less palpable. 1This kind of an investigation has always targeted the revelation of the fact that the international business account ca in no way prosper lacking an unwavering financial structure in addition to financial steadiness which tends to come under severe hazard lacking a well running business system. This is why it’s obvious how the worlds economic downturn, will have a very profound effect on the elements of International business law. The monetary crisis is amongst the most significant triggers that tend to cause disturbance within the element of worldwide operation. During this kind of a crisis, the business associated investment may turn out to be very classy otherwise even occupied, furthermore the economic disturbances tend to discourage the demand for exchanged commodities as well as services, which in turn implies lesser international payments as well as lesser foreign investment. It is disputed that the International business law is an ingredient of the entire resolution to the predicament rather than one of its groundwork. The element of International business law is characteristically an exceptionally imperative building block during preserving as well as recapturing the element of financial permanence, along with the concepts of open business policies within a ll of the countries that have been highly influenced by the global economic predicament also , within their export marketplaces are the major fundamentals inside the act and occurrence of recuperating from the global catastrophe. The WTO regulations restrain adverse public interventions in trade financing in important ways, including with regard to the requirements on the limitations on expenditures in addition to the transfer of payments also the international business laws , the services operation,

Acquisition of Skype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Acquisition of Skype - Essay Example In case of a merger, firms come together for combining and sharing their resources with the purpose of attaining the common objectives. On the other side, in an acquisition one corporation purchases the shares or assets of another corporation. Shareholders of the acquired firm lose their ownership (Sudarsanam, 2003). They have been taking place in the business world over the past century. It is one of the most effective strategies in the present intensely competitive business scenario. Details related to the source of finance, risk related to this acquisition and various tactics regarding defense are also provided in this paper. eBay is one of the most successful companies in the world of e-commerce. It has changed the definition of e-commerce business with its popular websites like eBay Marketplace, Kijiji, Paypal, Shopping.com, and Rent.com. Every day these websites bring millions of sellers and buyers together. The company was founded in 1995. It is a company that is inspired by opportunity and sustained by the trust (eBay, 2005). Skype, on the other hand, is renowned as a leading name in the arena of global internet communications. With its high end peer-to-peer innovative software, Skype allows people to make unlimited, superior quality, free voice calls. Its award-winning software can be used in different platforms like Windows, Linux, Pocket PC platforms and Mac OSX. It was launched in 2003 and within two years it was downloaded over 182 million times throughout the world. There are 27 languages in which Skype is available (eBay, 2005). Â  

The Pyramids at Giza Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Pyramids at Giza - Research Paper Example Despite the closer locale of the building materials, the construction of the Great Pyramid and the other pyramids located in and around the Giza plain indicate a level of mechanical knowledge unequaled in their time and suggest a level of creativity not typically associated with the ancients.   Some of the other materials used in the pyramids were pre-existing on the site as the base of the Great Pyramid is a natural rock outcropping and several chambers are filled with sand.   However, there is also some truth to the concept that rock was brought in from elsewhere.   â€Å"The fine white limestone came from Tura, about 8 miles away on the other side of the Nile.   The granite came from quarries at Aswan, around 600 miles upstream. In some of these sites, there are clear marks left in the rock.† One of the amazing aspects of the pyramids is the precision with which they’re built and the crude tools with which the Bronze Age Egyptians had to work.   â€Å"The most plausible answer is that the Egyptians, who lacked tackle and pulley for lifting heavy weights, employed a sloping embankment of brick, earth, and sand, which was increased in height and in length as the pyramid rose and up which the stone blocks were hauled by means of sleds, rollers, and levers.† While it has been widely believed that the construction of the pyramid was carried out by slaves, Andrew Millmore indicates that this is not true.   â€Å"One hundred thousand people worked on it for three months of each year.   This was the time of the Nile’s annual flood which made it impossible to farm the land and most of the population was unemployed.† A great deal of information about the workers themselves has been provided through excavation and study of the worker’s village found near the pyramid site in 1999.   â€Å"We do know much more about the work activities, particularly at Giza, than ever before.   Archaeologists have carefully studied the worker’s villages, the craft shops, the bakeries, and other related structures.

About The Social Work Career

About The Social Work Career The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work. COMMENTARY Social work in its various forms addresses the multiple, complex transactions between people and their environments. Its mission is to enable all people to develop their full potential, enrich their lives, and prevent dysfunction. Professional social work is focused on problem solving and change. As such, social workers are change agents in society and in the lives of the individuals, families and communities they serve. Social work is an interrelated system of values, theory and practice. Values Social work grew out of humanitarian and democratic ideals, and its values are based on respect for the equality, worth, and dignity of all people. Since its beginnings over a century ago, social work practice has focused on meeting human needs and developing human potential. Human rights and social justice serve as the motivation and justification for social work action. In solidarity with those who are dis-advantaged, the profession strives to alleviate poverty and to liberate vulnerable and oppressed people in order to promote social inclusion. Social work values are embodied in the professions national and international codes of ethics. Theory Social work bases its methodology on a systematic body of evidence-based knowledge derived from research and practice evaluation, including local and indigenous knowledge specific to its context. It recognises the complexity of interactions between human beings and their environment, and the capacity of people both to be affected by and to alter the multiple influences upon them including bio-psychosocial factors. The social work profession draws on theories of human development and behaviour and social systems to analyse complex situations and to facilitate individual, organisational, social and cultural changes. Practice Social work addresses the barriers, inequities and injustices that exist in society. It responds to crises and emergencies as well as to everyday personal and social problems. Social work utilises a variety of skills, techniques, and activities consistent with its holistic focus on persons and their environments. Social work interventions range from primarily person-focused psychosocial processes to involvement in social policy, planning and development. These include counselling, clinical social work, group work, social pedagogical work, and family treatment and therapy as well as efforts to help people obtain services and resources in the community. Interventions also include agency administration, community organisation and engaging in social and political action to impact social policy and economic development. The holistic focus of social work is universal, but the priorities of social work practice will vary from country to country and from time to time depending on cultural, h istorical, and socio-economic conditions. This international definition of the social work profession replaces the IFSW definition adopted in 1982. It is understood that social work in the 21st century is dynamic and evolving, and therefore no definition should be regarded as exhaustive. Adopted by the IFSW General Meeting in Montrà ©al, Canada, July 2000 http://www.ifsw.org/f38000138.html ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// The Nature of Social Work: A Critical Overview as well as social work values, ethics, and skills of social work practice. In addition, the role of a social worker in society will also be examined, and an understanding of social work will be critically evaluated. Knowledge, skills and values are three different things and should be treated as so. You can learn all the knowledge you need from a book, but this does not mean that you will have the skills to put that knowledge into practice. Once you acquire the skill and knowledge, if you have no value of them and they mean nothing to you, are then in danger of misusing that skill and knowledge. Values of social work have to be put into two categories: social work values, and social workers values. Clark (2004) puts this into classification of â€Å"Institutional and Individual†.The British Association of Social Work (BASW) code of ethics states that social work is committed to five basic values: Human dignity and worth, social justice, service to humanity, integrity and competence. â€Å"Social work practice should both promote respect for human dignity and pursue social justice through integrity and competence† (BASW 2002). These values are requirements that social workers are expected to adhere to. They promote the rights to privacy, confidentiality, and protection, the right of choice, to help against discrimination and meet the diversity of service users. Social work has been descried as being â€Å"value based† (Clark 2004). conflicts of values cannot be ruled out. Putting the values of social work into practice can sometimes cause a conflict of values. As well as looking after people who are vulnerable, social workers also deal with people who are seen as a threat to society. When dealing with a service user with mental health problems the social worker will be working with the interest of the service user in mind, making sure that their human dignity and worth are respected, that social justice is seen to be up held, and to do their job with integrity and competence. All these values, and at the same time, apply to people living within the community. If the service user was deemed to be a danger to the public then the social worker must see that social justice is done to protect the community, the service user may disagree with this and feel that their value of social justice has been compromised, and as their freedom has been taken away, and they have lost their human dignity and worth. Clark (2004 p44) concludes that â€Å"It is tempting t o say that there is no such thing as social work values.† And that â€Å"The values of social work remain a powerful rallying cry†. Whereas Beckett (2007 p189) states â€Å"Almost all of the important decisions that are made by social workers have a value component.† Having knowledge of a subject does not mean that someone as the skills or values that may accompany that knowledge. You can read all the books and have the knowledge on how to fly a plane, and know all the components, but to make it fly you need the skill to make all the parts work together. In most occupations what separates the professional from non- professionals is a specialised knowledge beyond the commonplace knowledge of ordinary members of the public. In social work this is not always the case, since much of the knowledge of social workers is common place, an example would be that it is common knowledge that bringing up children can be demanding, but social workers interact with parents whose understanding of this knowledge is so poor, that they are in danger of harming their children. This is not to say that all knowledge of social work is common knowledge, sometimes professional specialised knowledge is called upon. If a service user has mental health issues, then they may need to be sectioned under the Mental Health Act. This would need the knowledge of a professional Approved Social Worker. This may include the intervention of a social worker to place a child into foster care, requiring specialised knowledge. Social work expertise is regulated by government and law, and therefore requires an understanding and a good knowledge of the relevant areas of law and of government policies and acts. A collection of different skills is required for social workers to do their job with competence. These include being able to develop trusting relationships with service users and carers, without becoming emotionally involved; communication skills, including listening, speaking and writing; to be resilient and able to handle pressure from service users who feel vulnerable and may not understand what is going on; being aware of peoples different needs and respect diversity; have patience and maturity, and be able to negotiate for their clients. There is also the need to develop office based skills, as well as skills needed for personal interaction. These will include, being able to work well in a team with colleagues and professionals from other agencies; the ability to manage a complex workload, sometimes working over caseweight; being computer literate with good keyboard, database and word processing skills; and have good management, time keeping and organisational skills. Most of th ese skills cannot be learnt from a text book and will take time and life experience to develop, mistakes can happen and inevitability will, but by being able to reflect, process and learn from our mistakes, then these skills can improve and get stronger. They are sometimes called upon to enforce sensitive aspects of the law, for example in obtaining court orders to remove children from their current families, or in detaining people under the Mental Health Act. All duties performed and carried out by social workers, are done so in the best interests of those involved. Social work also promotes social justice, giving fair access to public services and benefits, equal treatment and protection under the law and to help meet basic human needs. Social work helps people to meet their personal needs and to reach their potential and to contribute to the creation of a fairer society. ‘The difficult position of social work is not only due to the perhaps depressing character of the problems it deals with. Crucially, social work sits directly on top of the fault lines of controversy of social values (Clark 2000 p2). The communities that we live in and the world around us is in perpetual change, which makes social work even more challenging. The ethics, values, cultures, diversities, and minorities that contribute in making up societies differ greatly from one to the other, whether in the suburbs, rural areas, or the close proximity of life in the city, changes in all the above can be noticeable within different communities. Looking at generalised views of what society should be would differ vastly if we took a cross-cultural view of what society values are to that community in question. The values that our society holds are changing; many men now stay at home whilst the woman goes out to work. The Civil Partnership Act 2004(General Register office 2005) came into effect on 5 December 2005 allowing same sex marriages, and many people now live alone, without stigma, some by choice and some from necessity, this change within society covers such a large range of values that universal agreement is a near impossibility. This means that social work is not an exact science and never will be. There will always be an opinion th at differs, personal values and ethics that dont fit the norm, which is why when people access social services, they will not always be fully satisfied with the outcome, as there are always variables. Beckett (2006) suggests that the role of a social worker can be put into three groups: Advocacy, Direct Change Agent and Executive. The advocacy role can be either direct or indirect. Direct change agent being counsellor or therapist, mediator, educator and catalyst, with executive role as almoner, care manager, responsibility holder, co-ordinator and service developer (Beckett 2006 p8). The aims of social workers are to identify social pressures and needs in the community, to employ existing resources or to establish those that might be lacking. Communities may, for example, be in need of housing, improvement and development of the environment, day care for preschool children, after school clubs, facilities for disabled people, anti social problems and rehabilitation centres, amongst other needs. As with all professions, social workers are involved in research and administration. This is to help identify the problems and needs of the service user and to explore the most effective way of preventing and resolving whatever problems there may be, and to address that need. In addition to interviewing service users at the social workers place of work or their homes, and contacting other significant persons in their social environments, social workers are also responsible for a large amount of office work. This includes the preparation of reports involving the service user for internal or external agencies, which could include court reports. The nature of social work within this essay has been critically discussed in depth. The role of social work and of social workers in society is a demanding one, the pressure and stress of dealing with so many aspects of society and differentiating cultures means that the challenges social workers face, on a day to day basis, will be hard but also very rewarding. With the correct training and education, social work skills, values and knowledge can help to improve peoples lives. The role of the social worker is one that will always be ever changing, how these changes happen is a matter for debate. Some changes in social work are welcomed and some are not. Hilary Searing (2000-08) states that â€Å"social workers are now little more than care managers who simply mediate between the client and organisation†. Others would argue that this is not the case, and that social workers do more than just mediate. Whatever the future holds for social work and social workers, one thing is cer tain, with the huge diversity in social work and the ever changing roles social workers play in society, there will always be a place for social workers ensuring that social justice is delivered ethically and without prejudice.

Haunted :: Creative Writing Essays

Haunted One day I was walking along side a road that not to many people travel on. All of a sudden it started storming really bad. I didn't want to get sick so I decided to run into an old abandoned house for cover. No one lived there, I was sure of that. As I got in, I looked around and noticed what a spooky house it was. It seemed really spooky. I saw a large room that was the foyer. The room had a checkered tile floor. It was lit a dark blue color. There were two lights on either side of the staircase that led to the second floor. Off to the right of the large foyer was a door that led to the kitchen. The kitchen was old a musty smelling. As I walked to the back of the kitchen, I noticed a door. I stared at it. A second later it opened! I ran out of the kitchen as fast as I could and ran up the stairs. Up stairs it was even darker. I saw a long narrow hallway with a lot of doors on both sides and on the end. I checked all of the doors and I could only get into one of them. I walked into the one that I could get into and heard someone yelling and pleading. I grew scared but then noticed it wasn't a person. It looked like a hologram, but you could see and hear him. He seemed to be pleading for his life. I could not see whom he was talking to, but I don't think it was a person. The man was balding and looked like he was in his upper forties. He was saying, "I am sorry for coming into your house. I thought it was empty. Please! Please! Let me go. I won't say anything; I didn't see you murder him. No! Don't! Ahhhhhhh! Stop..." Then he fell to the floor after I heard a sickening crack. I raced out of that room only to find myself in the hallway again. I decided it was time for me to leave! I went quickly down stairs and went to the door I came in at. I turned the handle and nothing happened.

Middle Class and Hard Work

In life, all individuals want to stand out. They want to be the diamond in the rough, but only a few of them can ever be such a thing. According to Malcolm Gladwell, in his book Outliers, he asserts that individuals who are granted opportunities and advantages, which not everybody is given by fate, are more successful. He implicates that opportunity, hard work, birthdate, 10,000 hours rule, and the background of the person are essential factors when being an outlier.Out of these aspects, working ard would have to be the one factor that surpasses the rest in this scenario. Malcolm Gladwell emphasizes many characteristics on what being an outlier is. The most important is hard work, â€Å"†¦ [for] if you work hard enough and assert yourself, and use your mind and imagination, you can shape the world to your desires†(1 51). Without hard work, nothing will ever be accomplishable. Tonina Hoang, a McDonald's franchisee, writes, â€Å"l work hard to ensure that they stay motiva ted and develop their careers†¦ Nothing ever comes without having to work for it.Everyone who is famous, or a doctor, or a lawyer has gotten through the baby steps and have overcome many obstacles to reach where they are now. Gladwell states that, â€Å"No one who can rise before the dawn three hundred sixty days a year fails to make his family rich†(137), further emphasizing that success is achievable if hard work is put in. Hard work will eventually pay off in the end. â€Å"A Success Story' an article in the Infotrac Newsstand claims that â€Å"hard work, patience and dedication helped Muhammad Ayub of Wasa] become assistant director (legal) from a Junior pump operator. Always have optimism because one may think people do not notice what one does, but in fact, everyone notices whether one is putting effort or Just going through the motions. Gladwell touches on how â€Å"We overlook Just how large a role we all play–and by ‘we' I mean society–in determining who makes it and who doesn't†(33). Sometimes people do not see how big of an impact they have to the society, but everyone is essential in order for the society to function properly. Gladwell fortifies diligence when he asserts â€Å"Hard work is only a prison sentence when you lack motivation†(42).In order to be successful, the individual must have the motivation to pursue their ambitions without feeling obligated to. Although working hard is a critical aspect in becoming an outlier, there are other factors that are important but not as critical. Gladwell claims â€Å"It comes from our time: from the particular opportunities that our place in history presents us with†(58). People are given different opportunities; they all depend on the time one was born nd how each and everyone's background began.Not everyone had the same openings. For example, a lower class family would not have had the same chances as a middle class family. Gladwell affirms, †Å"It's knowledge that helps you read situations correctly and get what you want†(87). Being highly intelligent is perhaps another key factor in becoming an outlier, for not being so, one would not have as much success as others. However, none of these things would ever be possible if one does not push oneself and commit to work harder than others.Outliers play a huge role on society It we did not nave them, some ot the high quali corporate items, like Apple products, would have never been created. Success does not come as easy as it may seem. However, if one decided to stand out from the rest of society with Gladwell's guidelines, they could possibly become the next outlier. Outliers are not Just born out of the blue (although some may be); they work hard, take the opportunities when they are given the chance, and overcome their social status.

Television (speech, can be used as essay) essays

Television (speech, can be used as essay) essays Every day millions of adults, children, teens, and elderly fall into a near comatose state created by hours of watching television. Most people do not realise that all of this television watching is ruining our psychological health as well as our physical health. I am not going to preach on how television watching is a bad thing, just that there are good reasons to cut back. Listen to some statistics. 99% of the homes in Canada have at least one television set, while 66% of homes have three or more sets. There are 2.24 sets in an average household, with 54% of children having television sets in their bedroom, me being one of them. These statistics show that, although we may wish to deny it, the television has crept into everyone's life. Television is a drug and is definitely addictive. Of course, television has its upsides as well. While there are some educational and informative shows out there, most of it is just useless. By the time death comes up, a person could spend around one and a half years of their life just viewing commercials designed mainly to sell images and products. These corporations do not care about the consumer as a person, but the consumer as a piggy bank, willing to spend their hard-earned cash. One of the many misconceptions when it comes to television deals with the percentage of violence in real life. Did you know that people will have seen 8000 murders on television by the time they start grade 1? Many surveys have shown that people of all ages tend to overestimate the occurrence of violence in real life. This scared outlook on life is due to the amount of television they watch and the high incident of violence during those viewing sessions. While violence on television has made some people fearful, it has made a few children increasingly aggressive with a tendency to imitate the violence they see. Some children have been known to build up an "immunity" to the horror of violence, grad ...

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Research Paper Example

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Research Paper Example Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Paper Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Paper Kayla Benware Professor Donnelly History 202 Research Paper Fall 2011 Women’s Suffrage Movement Impact on the United States Woman suffrage in the United States was achieved gradually through the 19th and early 20th Century. The women’s suffrage movement concluded in 1920 with a famous passage of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution which stated: â€Å"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. In the aftermath of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, which demanded the rights for women’s suffrage, most Americans rejected the movement because people did not want the United States system to change when it was already clearly working, women already had a solidified role and duty in local affairs, and because men and women were just simply viewed as having different abilities and capabilities in society. Although many Americans were against women’s s uffrage, the movement brought progress towards equality, related social and political reform, and led to many key events that positively allowed women to bring about social change. The first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Two days later, a Declaration of Sentiments was signed by 68 women and 32 men. This outlined all the injustices and allowed the women’s rights movement to begin. Twelve resolutions were adopted, calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. In 1850, the first national Women’s Rights Convention took place in Worcester, Massachusetts. More than 1,000 participants came and annual national conventions were held afterwards all the way through 1860. Some of the most influential women in history were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1869, they formed the National Woman Suffrage Association, with the goal to attain voting rights for women through an amendment to the Constitution. In Letters of a Nation, Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes a letter to Susan B. Anthony about editing their feminist newspaper, â€Å"The Revolution. † In this letter, Stanton writes how changing the name of â€Å"The Revolution† would be a mistake. Stanton quotes, â€Å"The establishing of woman on her rightful throne is the greatest revolution the world has ever known or ever will know. To bring it about is no child’s play. You and I have not forgotten the conflict of the last twenty-years- the ridicule, persecution, denunciation, detraction, the unmixed bitterness of our cup for the past two years, when even friends crucified us†. These gallant statements that Stanton writes proves how much the women’s suffrage movement needed to happen. Stanton is literally bitter about how they have been treated and will do anything to change the American ways for a more fair and equal future for women. Stanton comes off as an admiral, strong women in history, who believes that she can make a difference in everyone’s lives. Indeed, Stanton is one of the many reasons why the women’s suffrage movement occurred, and all women everywhere have her to thank. Fifty-one years later, Anthony and Stanton are still friends working on â€Å"The Revolution† and trying to see their ultimate dream through- the right for women to vote. Unfortunately, they never lived to see this day, but another letter was found in Letters of a Nation, in which Anthony wrote a letter to Stanton about their journey through the women suffrage. Anthony describes that throughout all their hard work, they never once stopped being optimistic towards their battle for women’s suffrage. Even in fifty years, they accomplished a lot more than they could have hoped for, such as: women were able to get a college education, have business experience, and were fully able to speak in public now. Anthony continued to be optimistic throughout her letter and was certain that their influence and reign would be carried on to victory by future women. Anthony was indeed correct on this, as the women’s suffrage battle was ended about twenty years later and all women were granted the right to vote, among other sanctions and rights. Other influential women in women suffrage history, such as Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, formed the American Woman Suffrage Association in late 1869. This group’s goal was to continue Anthony’s and Stanton’s goal and gain voting rights for women through amendments to individual state constitutions. The territory of Wyoming was later the first to pass the women’s suffrage law; and women began to serve on juries there as early as the following year. By 1890, The National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSAA). This became the movement’s mainstream organization and NAWSA started state-by-state campaigns in order to obtain voting rights for women. Colorado was the first state to adopt an amendment granting the right to vote in 1893. Closely after, Utah, Idaho, Washington State, California, Oregon, Kansas, Arizona, Alaska, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New York, Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma all adopted the amendment by 1918. Many other events followed suit, including The National Association of Colored Women in 1896, which brought together more than 100 black women’s clubs. Some famous activist leaders in the black women’s club movement were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper. â€Å"Although woman suffrage meant different things to different African American women, most believed that the ballot was essential to the growth of democracy and to the advancement of human rights in the United States. † This belief was furthered by the late nineteenth century, where women suffrage rationale had grown to include the argument that African American women needed the vote in order to help uplift the Black race and to obtain their own rights. This just goes to explicate how important and influential the women’s suffrage was to history. The movement was necessary, as the white women leaders of the movement constructed the history and determined the path and the value of Black women to the movement. In 1903, the National Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) was established to advocate for improved wages and working conditions for women. Ten years later, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed a Congressional Union to work toward the passage of a federal amendment to give women the vote. The group was later renamed and better known as the National Women’s Party. Members of the National Women’s Party picketed the White House and protested in other forms in home of getting the vote. A few years later, Margaret Sanger opened the first U. S. birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, N. Y. However, ten days later, Sanger is arrested and the clinic is shut down. This is a big moment in women’s suffrage, as she eventually won support through the courts and opened another clinic in New York City in 1923. The early 20th century is a huge benchmark in women history, as the federal woman suffrage amendment, originally written by Susan B. Anthony forty-one years earlier, is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate in 1919. It was then sent to the states for ratification. A year later, the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labor was formed to collect information about women in the workforce and to advocate good working conditions for women. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law by Secretary of State, Bainbridge Colby. Women were finally granted the right to vote, which would lead to inspire future generations of women to fight for equal rights. Not only did the women suffrage movement help future generations for equal rights, but the permanent war economy of the United States depended on the women’s suffrage and the corporation of the women at large. Women were the ones who went into the factories during the wars, which goes to show how women were just as capable and justified to have the same rights as men. This furthers the point that women deserved the right to vote. As a result of women’s presence in factories, the United States could build an even larger military structure with the men going to war and women staying at home and working. Women’s suffrage has had an enormous impact on society today. Since the early 20th century, women have only grown stronger and more involved in the United States government, politics, economics, and social world today. From running for president, to juggling successful careers, women prove that they can do more than cook in the kitchen and take care of their families. If it weren’t for women’s suffrage and all the battles that the US went through to get to the nineteenth amendment, we wouldn’t be as transformed and accomplished as we are today. From the progressive era to now, there have been many battles, wars, and events that have shaped the women and everyone else in our society today. Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Christine, â€Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,† American Sociological Review, Vol. 6, No. 1, (Feb. , 2001): 49-70. Carroll, Andrew. Letters of a Nation. New York, NY: Kodansha America, Inc. , 1997. Daley, Caroline Nolan, Melanie. Suffrage Beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998. [ 1 ]. Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Christine, †Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,† American Sociological Review, Vol. 66, No. 1, (Feb. , 2001): 54. [ 2 ]. Campbell, 52 [ 3 ]. Campbell, 53 [ 4 ]. Campbell, 49. [ 5 ]. Campbell, 51 [ 6 ]. Campbell, 54 [ 7 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 8 ]. Campbell, 67 [ 9 ]. Carroll, Andrew. Letters of a Nation. New York, NY: Kodansha America, Inc. , 1997, 183 [ 10 ]. Carroll, 183 [ 11 ]. Carroll, 184 [ 12 ]. Carroll, 184 [ 13 ]. Carroll, 185 [ 14 ]. Carroll, 185 [ 15 ]. Carroll, 186 [ 16 ]. Campbell, 63 [ 17 ]. Campbell, 73 [ 18 ]. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Indiana: Indiana University Press, (1998): 239. [ 19 ]. Daley, Caroline Nolan, Melanie. Suffrage Beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press, (1994): 56 [ 20 ]. Campbell,76 [ 21 ]. Campbell, 52 [ 22 ]. Terborg- Penn, 13 [ 23 ]. Terborg- Penn, 44 [ 24 ]. Terborg, Penn, 160 [ 25 ]. Terborg-Penn, 161 [ 26 ]. Daley, 51 [ 27 ]. Daley, 54 [ 28 ]. Campbell, 61 [ 29 ]. Campbell, 63 [ 30 ]. Campbell, 66 [ 31 ]. Campbell, 67 [ 32 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 33 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 34 ]. Campbell, 69 [ 35 ]. Campbell, 69

Cuban Legal System and Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cuban Legal System and Stereotypes - Essay Example The movie creates negative stereotypes of Cuban people as criminals and drug-dealers. It portrays that the majority of immigrants are criminals who follow the same way of life in America. Immigrants can acquire schooling in either the country of origin or in the country of destination. The movie portrays that immigration has been an economic phenomenon, operating through labor demand within more or less competitive labor markets in the United States. Workers like Manny and Tonny, have quickly responded as economic men and women to any indications that jobs were available to them; the pay that they could earn in the United States was many times greater than the sums that they received for subsistence farming, hired farm work, or other kinds of low-skilled employment in Mexico. With wages on the order of seven to ten times higher in the United States than in Ciba throughout the century, an extremely strong motive force for migration has existed and has produced actual migration wheneve r U.S. employers have beckoned. Cuban people are portrayed as low skilled and low educated who agree on any job even if it illegal. I select these stereotypes (stereotypes of a criminal and poor immigrant) because they reflect the plot and message sent by the movie. Poverty and underemployment in Cuba are conditions from which many workers have obviously wanted to escape, but escape is not possible until there is someplace to escape to. The United States at various times has put out a call for Mexican workers. Poverty in Cuba has meant that an ever-ready pool of labor has been available south of the border, waiting to be tapped; it is clear that U.S. economic agents, largely employers, have decided when that pool would be tapped. In other words, Mexican migration, at least until recently, has not been a case of workers and their families unilaterally overriding U.S. border and immigration control in order to escape

Leadership and Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and Communication - Research Paper Example This research paper is developed utilizing an interplay of factors which shape leadership development. The researcher discusses leadership, that enables people to go beyond the confines of mediocrity and tread into the realm of excellence. In the process, it induces people to define their desires and to pursue them with passion. Ultimately, leadership transforms potential into reality. In any organization, especially in the academe, the influence of leadership in its operations of has evolved from a simple theoretical framework to the complex structure we have today. The development of leadership theories and communication opened a whole spectrum of information which enhanced the interaction and interrelationships among personnel. In conclusion, the researcher states that the ways to solve human resources problems depend on factors that currently influence the workforce. An examination of these factors would assist the leader and decision maker in arriving at the most appropriate sol ution. At NCO Academy, the problem that was discussed and ensued between the administrators and the instructors necessitated a review and assessment of each set of personnel’s position and role in the academe. By realizing that each personnel’s active contribution to organizational goals, the rift between them would be properly addressed. It just requires the keen governance of NCO Academy’s leaders to steer the organization into an efficiently operating academe focused in the achievement of its organizational goals.

Alignment of Business Strategy and IT Strategy Essay

Alignment of Business Strategy and IT Strategy - Essay Example Fortune 50 financial services companies consented to be the respondents of this study. The research methodology used in this study was qualitative. The Alignment of Business and IT strategy department participated in the interviews to be a representative of the Business IT and balance opinions. The respondents were 17 senior managers, 5 with knowledge in balanced, 3 with knowledge with IT and 2 with a business perspective. The interviews will be 90 minutes. All of these respondents agreed that there is an alignment gap between business strategy and IT strategy. The advantage of the method used by the study is that qualitative research is the attempt to gain an in-depth understanding of the meanings of the situation presented by informants, rather than the manufacturing of a quantitative measurement of their characteristics or behavior by the researcher. This concern to reveal the subjective points of view of those being studied is common to ethnography, participant observation, and t he various other strands of qualitative research. For many qualitative researchers, the subjective beliefs of the people being studied are more important than the theoretical knowledge of the researcher. The methodology is often to ‘see through’ the eyes of those being studied. There are two considerations. First, no attempt is made to place the beliefs and behavior of the people being studied into a historical or structural context; it is considered sufficient to simply describe different forms of consciousness without trying to explain how and why they developed. The second one is the tendency to adopt an uncritical attitude to the beliefs and consciousness of informants, without considering their adequacy.

Globalization & concept Essay Example for Free

Globalization concept Essay Globalization is a concept that has emerged over recent past that have gained a lot of attention from the global people. Globalization is not anew concept because it has developed over time due to the interaction of people from ti me to time. The definition of globalization takes new direction every time because of its usage and transcends all spheres of life (Oregon State 2008). According to Robertson (1992) socialist define it a the comprehension and intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole unit. It has been elevated by the fact that the world has become more interdependent than before as from 20th century. The term is loosely used to symbolize meaning of consciousness, receptiveness and understanding of cultures, appreciation of the world socio-economics and ecological aspects. The term global village emerged in early 1960s to mean a shrinking world which was popularized by the media. The media has also tried to emphasize on the global community concept. The subject of globalization has shaped its objectiveness and subjectiveness. The evolution of globalization has been triggered by events such as wars and conflicts, the emergence of third world countries, expansion of international and supra international corporations and organizations. This is also accelerated by the idea of global economy(Robertson 1992). Globalization cuts across all academic disciplines and have implications on morals and values of people in the world. This is a problem that has generated other terms as deglobalization and globalism. Deglobalization attempts to reduce the impact of globalization while the globalism used used negatively to mean one worldism and cosmopolitanism (Robertson 1992). According to Scott (1997) globalization is visible and powerful order that directs the former concern to the geopolitical stage. It can be measured across the globe by consumers taste identity and by its homogeneity of taste. In the context of global culture it is evident in the distribution of the product. Globalization can also be defined as the historical structures established by societies over time that has exponentially increased in the present time. This has been achieved through mobility of goods and services necessitated by infrastructural development. The idea is largely cordoned by the elites terming it inevitable but the masses view it as danger to traditional life, livelihoods and values (GPF 2008). Herman (1999) emphasize it as the active process extending beyond borders, cross border structural facilities and link of corporate organizations. He adds that it is an ideology that wants to surpass its resistance and uphold it as beneficial and unstoppable. The emergence of globalization has led to theories defining its relevance and importance to world inhabitants. This has been ans issue of international systems that make demarcation of countries l which systematically create and partition separated by economic and process factors. These form the basis of global events that bring a perspective of the world as a systematic entity. This is virtually so because of given set of societies that dictate world unity trends and systems. This is referred to the capitalistic advancement of nations like America to which is characterized by division of labour, political and military relations that accompany economic trends while religion and culture follows simultaneously (Robertson 1992). Instability in the domestic and foreign structures have caused the rise of globalization as seen by the growth of communication and cultural academies, rise of movements, organizations and special interest groups. Globalization has therefore grown through several stages such as universalism, natural sociologies, internationalism, indigenization and later globalization (Robertson 1992). In this context universalism refers to scientific provision to humanity of basic principles and laws where ideas human fraternity is adhered to. While national sociologies emphasized on the professional academies that held intellectual products with high esteem. This is followed by the concept of making all countries follow the systems through internationalism as depicted by the third world creation. This was fostered by the indigenization stage that made such countries to adapt to methods and systems. Thus globalization emerged as the interaction of nationalism and internationalism which is punctuated with problems and conflicts at different life stages. The causes and mechanism behind this are the ones driving up globalization (Robertson 1992). Global issues as refer to in the context of culture have varied significance and measures. First Soules (2002) define culture as knowledge, acts, beliefs, laws, customs and aspirations of inhabitants in different settings around the world. This is identical to certain group of people. However mass culture which appeals to world wide audience is generally referred to popular culture. Any change in the traditional values, norms and daily order raise eyebrows of which is considered deviation from the normal life. But as people move there is interaction of cultures that fuse and transform into new culture that is can be described as global culture (Soules 2002). Therefore, popular culture is symbolic of globalization because of its persuasive nature which cuts across all national cultures. The popular culture referred to here represents popularity of certain personality in areas of music industry. These include stars, products and infrastructure associated with it commonly described as global communication (Scott 1997). Although globalization affects politics it has not received much attention as popular culture but film industry has been discussed at international level whether to be associated with it. It is paramount to not that though politics has not extended beyond its national jurisdiction it is much important in the global culture. Politics is limited by its weak structures at international level than popular culture that is advanced by its network of transnational corporations (Scott 1997). However, global culture may not be a definite evidence that it exists across the world because of its dependence on time, space and distributional mechanisms. But it passes across all nations based on several factors such as global production and global distribution. Whereby global production is brought about by the presence of transnational corporations which control 70 percent of the entertainment industry such as Sony and Tristar Corporations. The global distribution of this popular culture products signify the extend by which it reaches world wide audience. Technological advancement such as use of television cinema and satellite communication media channels have made popular culture received to wide audience in the world (Scott 1997). However, global culture just like the popularity of English language has received its share of criticism. For instance the spread of world single culture as advocated by the entertainment industry does not necessarily mean that the audience practice the same. It can only lead to global multiculturalism where diverse culture can be integrated in order to appeal to popular audience. Although this may lead to cultural plurality but their merger could lead to the a synthesized global culture (Scott 1997). More so the availability of the product does not mean it used for the intended purpose. For example the Soviet Union abused it as such spreading capitalistic ideology of Americans. Most view popular culture as the Americanization of the world. Hence it cannot be received globally without struggle and negotiation through the political and national structures. Global culture also faces a couple of restrictions that is largely dependent on the institutional frameworks, policies of governments, and levels of operations. Institutional frameworks play crucial role in the supply and distribution regulatory structures, education, industrial and economic climate for its operation. Policies that regulate broadcasting, copyright rights and taxation or subsidies play a significant role in the advancement of popular culture (Scott 1997). Most governments do not have cultural policies but have several that indirectly implicate culture within their national jurisdiction. this reflects their priority is promoting culture in their own country. Therefore, global culture faces an uphill task to be accommodated institutionally and into the policies of the respective governments(Scott 1997). Herman (1999) states that globalization is an ideology that is perpetuated by corporate organizations for their own interest. This is seen in the deregulation of several government on its budget, entitlement and free trade.. it does affect the nationalistic protection of indigenous companies while allowing the entry of international multinationals. This ideology has significant impact on economic status of weaker countries. Although it yields economic benefits its impact of whole society is detrimental (Alston 1998). Globalization is argued as one that weakens democracy in several countries. This is a result that governments are forced to enact regulations that give due advantage to the business community. For instance international agreements signed like the4 North American Free Trade Agreement and European Monetary Union. This has been used under the disguise of democracy to weaken the countrys ability to fight for improved wage salary of its workforce. Instead they are supposed to cut labor costs in order to obtain investment from the corporations giving the business community an upper hand to make huge profits (Herman 1999). Through such agreement most countries have fallen victim of deteriorating welfare standards of its citizens. Countries with high cost of labor have lost foreign investment because of relocation to cheap labor countries. Labor movement have also been weakened as opposed to the democratic freedom given of bargaining. This has med policy makers to make business friendly policies at the expense of state welfare. This countries have also advanced restrictive legislation that has tight grip national budget so as to absorbing inflation shocks hence accelerating unemployment and underemployment (Herman 1999). The ideological campaigns advocated b y the business community has reduced government responsibility to support its public hence making its citizens vulnerable to the corporation demands. Also limited financial sources by the individual government have accelerated their dependence on global sponsors that devise policies more favorable to them. It far negates the ability of leaders to develop mechanisms that favor its masses (Tabb 2002). This is evident in the efforts advanced by IMF and World Bank together with media support. This organizations developed conditions that were supposed to be met before funds are released to the countries in need. For instance, IMF developed structural adjustment programs to third world countries outlining conditions such as lean government and privatization. The implications was loss of jobs, increased poverty, increased wealth gap between the rich nations and poor nations (Herman 1999). Globalization in its basic fact is the ideological concept of business elite that send strong signal to people that it cannot be brushed away easily and it is better. Although it has the benefit of increasing interest rates in the stock market and income, inequality rise is more across all countries. For example in the United States productivity rose by 35 percent while underemployment, job security, loss of benefit and lean production system increased in bigger margin (Herman 1999). CONCLUSION Globalization is a new concept that cuts across a all spheres of life such as culture, academic, political, economic and socially. In this paper i have discussed mainly how globalization influenced global culture and its implications. Global culture is defined as mass culture that appeals to world wide audience. It is particularly advanced by popular culture through different media channels. Globalization also touches political and economic aspects of several countries this has a direct effect on the democracy, economic status and welfare of its citizens. Globalization has beneficial impact on the government and citizens with varied margins. REFERNCE Alston, P, 1998, Statement, UN committee, Available at: http://www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/define/unstate. htm Global policy forum, 2008, globalization,Global policy forum, Available at; http://www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/index. htm Herman, E, S, 1999, Treat globalization, New politics, vol. 7, No. 2, Available at: Oregon State, 2008, Definition, Available at: oregonstate. edu/instruct/anth370/gloss. html Robertson, R, 1992, Globalization, SAGE, London. Scott, A, 1997, Global culture, Routledge, London. Soules, M, 2002, Culture, History, Available at: http://www. mala. bc. ca/~soules/media112/culture. htm Tabb, W, 1999, Progressive globalism, Monthly review, Available at: http://www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/define/progglob. htm

Arab - Israeli Wars :: essays research papers

Since the United Nations partition of PALESTINE in 1947 and the establishment of the modern state of ISRAEL in 1948, there have been four major Arab-Israeli wars (1947-49, 1956, 1967, and 1973) and numerous intermittent battles. Although Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty in 1979, hostility between Israel and the rest of its Arab neighbors, complicated by the demands of Palestinian Arabs, continued into the 1980s. THE FIRST PALESTINE WAR (1947-49) The first war began as a civil conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs following the United Nations recommendation of Nov. 29, 1947, to partition Palestine, then still under British mandate, into an Arab state and a Jewish state. Fighting quickly spread as Arab guerrillas attacked Jewish settlements and communication links to prevent implementation of the UN plan. Jewish forces prevented seizure of most settlements, but Arab guerrillas, supported by the Transjordanian Arab Legion under the command of British officers, besieged Jerusalem. By April, Haganah, the principal Jewish military group, seized the offensive, scoring victories against the Arab Liberation Army in northern Palestine, Jaffa, and Jerusalem. British military forces withdrew to Haifa; although officially neutral, some commanders assisted one side or the other. After the British had departed and the state of Israel had been established on May 15, 1948, under the premiership of David BEN-GURION, the Palestine Arab forces and foreign volunteers were joined by regular armies of Transjordan (now the kingdom of JORDAN), IRAQ, LEBANON, and SYRIA, with token support from SAUDI ARABIA. Efforts by the UN to halt the fighting were unsuccessful until June 11, when a 4-week truce was declared. When the Arab states refused to renew the truce, ten more days of fighting erupted. In that time Israel greatly extended the area under its control and broke the siege of Jerusalem. Fighting on a smaller scale continued during the second UN truce beginning in mid-July, and Israel acquired more territory, especially in Galilee and the Negev. By January 1949, when the last battles ended, Israel had extended its frontiers by about 5,000 sq km (1,930 sq mi) beyond the 15,500 sq km (4,983 sq mi) allocated to the Jewish state in the UN partition resolution. It had also secured its independence. During 1949, armistice agreements were signed under UN auspices between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. The armistice frontiers were unofficial boundaries until 1967. SUEZ-SINAI WAR (1956) Border conflicts between Israel and the Arabs continued despite provisions in the 1949 armistice agreements for peace negotiations. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs who had left Israeli-held territory during the first war concentrated in refugee camps along Israel's frontiers and became a major source of friction when they infiltrated back to their homes or

African American Essay

In the year of 1870, it was the re invention of slavery. America could not be built without economic. The south was still a negative place and they failed to accept blacks. After decades of discrimination, the voting rights act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied blacks to vote under the 15th amendment. The 15th amendment in 1870 gave African Americans the right to vote. The constitutional amendment passed after the civil war that it guaranteed blacks the right to vote. It affected not only freed slaves in the south but the blacks that were living in the north who was not allowed to vote(3). The amendment was favored by the Republican Party; since the votes of the slaves helped the party dominates national politics in the years after the war. During the same year, Hiram Rhodes Revels, who was a republican from Mississippi, became the first African American to sit in the United States congress when he was elected to the United States Senate. Millions of black men served in congress during reconstruction but more than 600 served in the states legislatures and many more held local offices(3). The Jim Crow laws were the era of struggle. The state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. In 1890, there was a â€Å"separate but equal† status for African Americans. Jim Crow laws followed the Black codes which restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans with no equality. During the reconstruction period, the federal law provided civil rights protection in the United States for the African Americans who had formally been slaves(1). In 1890, Louisiana required by law that blacks ride in separate railroad cars. The state of Louisiana passed a law that required separate accommodations for black and whites on railroads, including separate railway cars. Plessy attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating in1890. Louisiana statute that provided for segregated â€Å"separate but equal† railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute(4). Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the state’s police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the state. Plessy filed a petition in the Supreme Court of Louisiana against Ferguson, asserting that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments(4). The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson was one of a combination of rulings passed by the U. S and the state Supreme Courts after reconstruction. Many of these decisions allowed and required Jim Crow segregation laws in southern states. At the highest level, the case was decided on May 18th in 1896, in favor of Ferguson and the state of Louisiana. The Supreme Court had given southern states all the permission they needed to let any remaining equality between the races fade away and be replaced by the Jim Crow laws standing(5). By the 1870s, many southern whites had resorted to intimidation and violence to keep blacks from voting and restore white supremacy in the region. Beginning in 1873, a series of Supreme Court decisions limited the scope of Reconstruction-era laws and federal support for the Reconstruction Amendments, particularly the 14th and 15th, which gave African Americans the status of citizenship and protection. The Compromise of 1877 occurred after the Presidential Election of 1876, when Congress formed the Electoral Commission to resolve disputed Democratic Electoral votes from the South. The republicans agreed to enact Federal legislation that would spur industrialization in the south. They agreed to withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the south(5). They did this to appoint democrats to positions in the south and to appoint a democrat to the president’s cabinet. The Compromise of 1877 effectively ended the Reconstruction era. The Southern Democrats promised to protect but the political rights of blacks were not kept. The end of federal interference in southern affairs led to widespread disenfranchisement of blacks voters(4). From the late 1870s, southern legislatures passed a series of laws requiring the separation of whites from â€Å"persons of color† on public transportation, in schools, parks, restaurants, theaters and other locations. These segregationist statutes governed life in the South through the middle of the next century, ending after the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960’s. The migration was a watershed in the history of African Americans. It lessened their overwhelming concentration in the South, opened up industrial jobs to people who had up to then been mostly farmers, and gave the first significant impetus to their urbanization. The black migration began in the 1890s as African Americans left for cities such as Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and New York(8). The single largest movement of African Americans occurred during World War I, when people moved from rural areas and small towns in the South to cities in the North and the East. Even in the North, blacks encountered violence at the hands of whites, who resented competition for jobs and black economic success. Segregation and discrimination in housing, education, and jobs was pervasive in the North as well. From 1916, more than six million blacks left the South for other regions of the United States. Over the next fifteen years, more than one tenth of the country’s black population would voluntarily move north. The Great Migration lasted until 1930. This was the first step in the full nationalization of the African American population(2). The Klu Klux Klan is the oldest organization. During this time 1920’s, there were still 85 percent of African Americans in the south. The Klan was created in 1871 by the Democratic Party to prevent African Americans from voting the 15th Amendment. The Klan also became Americans 1st terrorist group and became an institutional part of American life and political colt. African Americans were intimidated and had fear towards the KKK. They hated blacks, republicans, Jews, etc(6). In the 1920s, many blacks had been brought to the south against their own will after the success of the northern states during the Civil War. Also, after the freeing of the blacks from slavery in 1865, a group was established which was designed to spread fear throughout the black population that still lived in the southern states. Most of the hatred was directed against the poor black families in the south who were very vulnerable to attack(6). The white hooded KKK burnt churches of the black population, murdered, raped, castrated etc. They were rarely caught as most senior law officers in the South were high ranking KKK men. White people who were in contact with any blacks had a reason to fear the KKK because they would be after them as well for being what they called â€Å"nigga lovers†(6). The Black Americans tried to fight back using non-violent methods. The NAACP asked Washington for new laws to help combat the KKK violence but received very little help. In the 1920’s Black Americans started to turn to the â€Å"Back to Africa† movement which told blacks that they should return to their native America. This was started by Marcus Garvey but the whole movement faltered when he was arrested for fraud and sent to prison. If African Americans were to move back to Africa, they would be giving the â€Å"white America† exactly what they asked for(6). African Americans drew to church. Going to church brought everyone closer to God despite everything that was going on in the 1920’s. In 1865, blacks started to create independent black churches. The African Methodist Episcopal and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion churches claimed southern membership in the hundreds of thousands, far outstripping that of any other organizations. They were quickly joined in 1870 by a new southern-based denomination, the Colored (Christian) Methodist Episcopal Church. The church was founded by indigenous southern black leaders. Finally, in 1894 black Baptists formed the National Baptist Convention which was an organization that is the largest black religious organization still today in the United States(8). The blossoming of the Harlem Renaissance was during 1918 through 1937. Harlem is located just north of Central Park. Harlem formally was a white residential district but by the early 1920’s, it was the becoming of a virtually black city. Harlem was a catalyst for artistic experimentation and a nightly popular nightlife destination. This was also an economic opportunity in New York(8). The Harlem Renaissance was a phase of a larger new Negro movement that emerged in the early 20th century. The movement raised issues affecting the lives of African Americans through various forms of literature, art, and drama. Its influence spread throughout the nation and beyond that included writers and philosophers. Between the 1920’s and 1930’s, about 750,000 African Americans left the south and migrated to the north to take advantage of this movement. The Harlem Renaissance appealed to a mixture audience. The literature appealed to the African American middle class and to whites. Many critics point out that the Harlem Renaissance could not escape its history and culture. Its attempt to create a new one separates from the foundational elements of White, European culture. Social foundations of this movement included the great migration of African Americans from rural to urban areas(8). The Harlem Renaissance was exposure to the African American Art and culture. It is also unusual among literary and artistic movements for its close relationship to civil rights. The Harlem renaissance set the stage for the civil rights movement of the 1950’s and the 60’s. This was very much black culture exposure. The African American artists intended to express themselves freely, no matter what the black public or white public thought. Since the 1980s, New Orleans has been the area for a new school of jazz players, among them trumpeter Wynton Marsalis and his brothers, saxophonist Branford Marsalis and trombonist Delfeayo Marsalis. New Orleans has brought widespread attention to jazz and a new appreciation of the city and its jazz tradition(7). In the 1890’s it was the beginning of the Mississippi Delta Blues. The blues is the generation of American Music. By the 1900’s New Orleans Jazz was introduced. Jazz was first originally accepted in France before anywhere else. Jazz was played by whites and blacks. Both races played jazz together. Jazz was for the middle class African American people(7). In conclusion, during the years of 1870 and 1920, African Americans still encountered a lot of continued discrimination against blacks in American and the separation of race. Through the Jim Crow laws and the segregation, Blacks kept it together through religion, and even music. When looking back at our history, African Americans had a great deal to do with the shaping of America today. Bibliography 1) â€Å"Jim Crow Law (United States [1877-1954]). † Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 2) â€Å"Primary Documents in American History. † 15th Amendment to the Constitution: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress). N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 3) Fifteenth Amendment. † History. com. A&E Television Networks, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 4) â€Å"Compromise of 1877. † History. com. A&E Television Networks, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 5) â€Å"Compromise of 1877. † Information about The. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 6) â€Å"The KKK and Racial Problems. † The KKK and Racial Problems. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 7) â€Å"A History of Jazz Music. † A History of Jazz Music. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 8) Notes.

Embryonic Stem Cells for Research- Right or Wrong

Embryonic Stem Cells for Research- Right or Wrong There have been a lot of controversies regarding the latest stem cell research in recent days. People have been publishing a lot about this issue and it is all over the media lately. It has aggregated some religious groups in the world and they have been very stern towards the issue.Here is my point of view regarding this issue: Unlike other cells in our body, each of which is specialized to perform a particular function, Stem cells are characterized by the ability to renew themselves by the mitosis division and differentiate in to a diverse range of specialized cells types thereby offering medical treatment to wide range of debilitating diseases. This new area of biotechnology seems to be a major breakthrough with the same potential to change the health care as the discovery of antibiotics more than 70 years ago which gave hope to millions.But unfortunately this radical area of biology has fraught with ethical issues and controversie s which had made the process of development slow. There are two sources for obtaining stem cells, one from the layer of cells of embryo in the blast cyst stage, these are called the embryonic stem cells and the other from the adult tissues called the adult stem cells. When the stem cells are retracted from the embryo, the embryo is completely destroyed. This is where the controversies begin. According to the critics, extracting stem cells from the embryo is like killing, it is a murder. In fact some religions in the world strictly prohibit it.But I think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. It is for the betterment of the humans and very beneficial for the society. As I feel that these stem cells have been used to save human lives and has enormous benefits. This stem cell therapy is used for the treatment of various dreadful diseases like Parkinson disease, diabetes, Alzheimer etc which does not have any cure even in the recent days. This stem cell therapy is considered to be better than organ transplant which gives rise to various infections. Moreover it also give rise to other issues like availability of the donors, tissue rejection etc.Immunosuppressant drugs are given to the patients in to have under gone transplant making them more vulnerable to other infectious diseases. Hence embryonic stem cells have significant medical potential and can lead to numerous social advantages. Other alternatives to embryonic stem cells are adult stem cells which are found in the normal differentiated tissues in the human body and therefore are very hard to extract. Also they are less effective as compared to the embryonic stem cells Embryo is the stage in very first few weeks of the pregnancy.That is the time when even heart of the baby hasn’t been transformed. Many people feel that embryos are not equivalent to human life as they can’t still swim out of the womb, so using them can’t be called killing. So I feel that killing something that is bar ely alive in order to save numerous human lives is justifiable. Therefore according to me, embryonic stem cells should be allowed for research purposes as they possess many advantages and can lead to major breakthroughs in the future. Who knows the word organ- transplant would just be history. by Makkiya Amanullah, Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Do Curfews Keep Teenagers Out of Trouble

Do Curfews Keep Teenagers Out of Trouble Introduction Over the past decade, juvenile crimes have been on the rise in many regions around the world. These have been attributed to an increase in drug abuse, media influences and negative peer pressure among the youth. As such, laws have been enacted to deter the youth from getting into trouble. In addition, parents have been advised to set curfews in order to restrict their children’s activities during certain hours of the day and night.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Do Curfews Keep Teenagers Out of Trouble? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arguably, curfews help in the reduction of juvenile crime and victimization. However, opponents of this fact argue that curfews deny teenagers their civil rights. This paper shall argue that curfews are beneficial to society in regard to the role they play in improving the lives of teenagers, and maintain social order. This shall be done by reviewing the arguments forwarded by the opponents and proponents of the impact curfews have on teenagers’ behaviors. Impacts of Curfews on Teenagers Logically, if there are indications that teenagers are getting into trouble between certain hours of the day or night, implementing curfews may help monitor their activities. Curfews provide a convenient way of deterring teenagers from juvenile crimes and victimization (Adams, 2003). Aviram (2011), states that the implementation of a curfew decreases the likelihood of juveniles to commit violent and property crimes by 10% within the first year of its implementation. This percentage increases substantially in subsequent years (Aviram, 2011). Similarly, Williams (2012), states that curfews enable parents to set boundaries, responsibilities and sleep patterns for their adolescent children. Through curfews, teenagers are able to know what is expected of them, their responsibilities and manage their time effectively. In addition, Williams (2012), states tha t teenagers learn of the importance of rules, and the consequences of breaking those rules (for example, mistrust). These aspects help make the teenagers better citizens, while improving the bond between the parents and their teenage children.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aviram (2011) argues that curfews facilitate the preservation of social order. At the teenage stage, individuals equate their freedom to the amount of time they spend with their friends. Similarly, at this stage, individuals are more likely to get into social problems due to peer pressure and reasoning inefficiencies. As such, a teenager without restrictions is bound to do what he/she wants. In this regard, setting a curfew may help teenagers understand their responsibilities, and stay away from activities that may affect the level of trust and privilege given to them by their parents. On the same note, Puzzanchera and Sickmund (2008) suggest that curfews help teenagers develop a more structured and disciplined routine. The ultimate goal of a curfew is to ensure that a teenager is at home within specified periods of time. Failure to do so leads to punishment or restriction of freedom. In order to avoid such punishments, teenagers under a curfew ensure that they plan their time and activities carefully. However, despite these positive attributes associated with the implementation of curfews, there are people who believe that curfews do not achieve this aim. According to Zimmerman (2011), curfews cannot prevent teens from getting pregnant, smoking, drinking, or participating in criminal activities. At this age, individuals are curious, and often find a way to do such things with or without a curfew in place. The behavior exhibited by a teenager depends on the relationship he/she has with the community. For example, teenagers with positive moral and social values avoid conflict and tr ouble at all costs. On the other hand, those with negative influences in life often find themselves in trouble. Despite whether there is a curfew or not, delinquent teens always end up in trouble, while those with conservative personalities and trustworthy relationships avoid such situations. On the same note, a study on juvenile crime in Detroit indicated that while such crimes had decreased by 6% during curfew hours in 1976, it had increased by 13% during the afternoon hours of the day (non-curfew hours). Ordinarily, most curfews are between 8 p.m. and midnight depending on the parent, state or school schedule.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Do Curfews Keep Teenagers Out of Trouble? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, nationwide statistics indicate that most juvenile crimes (80%) occur between 9 a.m. and 10 p.m., which is outside the curfew hours (Zimmerman, 2011). This is a clear indication that curfews do not keep teens out of trouble. Zimmerman (2011), further states that the enacted curfew ordinances may be acceptable politically but they lack the ability to address the key issue, which is increased juvenile delinquency. The author suggests that the focus should be directed towards improving recreation centers, campaigning for youth empowerment and advocating for parental control. Such initiatives are more likely to succeed in keeping teenagers out of trouble, as compared to setting curfews, which violate teenagers’ freedom of speech and movement, as well as their right to equal protection and due process among other civil rights (Zimmerman, 2011). Discussion Both sides provide compelling cases to support their arguments regarding the implementation of curfews as a means to keeping teenagers out of trouble. However, unless they are legally declared as adults, teenagers are their parents’ responsibility, and are bound by the rules set by the parents. In as much as cur fews may not seem effective in deterring juvenile delinquency, they have played a pivotal role in fostering responsibility, respect for boundaries and effective time management among the youth. They ensure that teenagers understand what is expected of them and the consequences of noncompliance to those expectations. Similarly, parents have obligations to ensure the safety and health of their children. However, they cannot monitor and supervise their children’s activities every hour of the day. Setting curfews gives parents an opportunity to establish a trusting relationship with their children. As a result, parents are able to know where their children are, with whom and at what time to expect them back home. Despite what the teenagers do with their free time, implementation of curfews lessens their likelihood of getting into trouble. This is because they are afraid of the repercussions associated with breaking the curfew. In the long-run, curfews play a significant role in d eterring teenagers from getting into trouble. Simply put; the benefits of curfews as a deterrent mechanism far outweigh the costs.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Curfews make a significant impact on teenagers’ behaviors. They help parents to monitor their children’s activities and minimize the likelihood of teenagers getting into trouble. While some may argue that curfews are ineffective in the prevention of juvenile delinquency, there is supporting evidence that indicate otherwise. Throughout this paper, the arguments for and against curfews have been outlined and support for each offered. At the end, it has been revealed that curfews help in the reduction of juvenile crime and victimization. References Adams, K. (2003). The Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention. Annals 587: 136–59. Aviram, H. (2011). Are teen curfews necessary?   Web. Puzzanchera, C., Sickmund, M. (2008). Juvenile Court Statistics 2005. Pittsburgh, Pa.: National Center for Juvenile Justice. Williams, L. (2012). What Can Happen When Teens Dont Have a Curfew? Web. Zimmerman, J. (2011). Curfews dont keep kids out of trouble. Web.