The Weather Hazards Associated With Hurricanes

The Weather Hazards Associated With Hurricanes Every year, from June 1 to November 30, the threat of a hurricane strike looms in the minds of vacationers  and residents of  U.S.  coastlines. And its no wonder why. Because of its ability to travel across ocean  and land, a hurricane is almost impossible to outrun. In addition to having an evacuation plan in place, your best line of defense against hurricanes  is to know and recognize its  main hazards, of which there are four: high winds, storm surge, inland flooding, and tornadoes. High Winds As pressure drops inside of a hurricane, air from the surrounding atmosphere rushes into the storm, generating one of its trademark characteristics: winds. A hurricanes winds are among the first conditions to be felt during its approach. Tropical storm-force winds can extend as far as 300 miles (483 km) and hurricane-force winds can extend 25-150 miles (40-241 km) from the storm center. Sustained winds pack enough force to cause structural damage and carry loose debris. Remember that hidden within maximum sustained winds are isolated gusts that actually blow much faster than this. Storm Surge In addition to being a threat in and of itself, wind also contributes to another danger: storm surge. While a hurricane is out to sea, its winds blow across the ocean surface, gradually pushing water out ahead of it. A hurricane’s low pressure assists in this. By the time the storm nears the coast, water has â€Å"piled up† into a dome several hundred miles wide and 15 to 40 feet (4.5-12 m) high. This ocean swell then travels onshore, inundating the coast and eroding beaches. It is the primary cause of loss of life within a hurricane. If a hurricane approaches during high tide, an already risen sea level will lend additional height to a storm surge. The resulting event is referred to as a storm tide. Rip currents are another wind-induced marine hazard to watch for. As winds push water outward toward the shore, water is forced against and along the shoreline, creating a fast current. If there are channels or sandbars leading back out to sea, the current flows violently through these, whisking along anything in its path - including beachgoers and swimmers. Rip currents can be recognized by the following signs: A channel of churning, choppy waterAn area with a noticeable difference in color when compared to the surrounding oceanA line of foam or debris moving out to seaA break in the incoming wave pattern Inland Flooding While storm surge is the main cause of coastal inundation, excessive rains are responsible for the flooding of inland areas. A hurricanes rainbands can dump up to several inches of rain per hour, especially if a storm is moving slowly. This water overwhelms rivers and low-lying areas. When rainbands release water for several consecutive hours or days, this leads to flash and urban flooding.   Because tropical cyclones of all intensities (not just hurricanes) can produce excessive rains, freshwater flooding is considered the most wide-reaching of all tropical cyclone-related dangers. Tornadoes Embedded in a hurricanes rainbands are thunderstorms, some of which are strong enough to spawn tornadoes. Tornadoes produced by hurricanes are typically weaker (usually EF-0s and EF-1s) and shorter-lived than those occurring across the central and midwestern U.S. As a precaution, a tornado watch is usually issued when a tropical cyclone is forecast to make landfall. Beware the Right Front Quadrant A number of factors, including storm strength and track, influence damage levels caused by each of the above. But you may be surprised to learn that something as seemingly insignificant as which one of a hurricanes sides first makes landfall can also greatly increase (or lower) the risk of related hazards, especially storm surge and tornadoes. A direct hit from the right-front quadrant of a hurricane (left-front in the Southern Hemisphere) is considered the most severe. Thats because its here where the storms winds blow in the same direction as the atmospheric steering wind, causing a net gain in wind speed. For example, if a hurricane has sustained winds of 90 mph (category 1 strength) and is moving at 25 mph, its right front region would effectively have winds up to category 3 strength (90 25 mph 115 mph). Conversely, because winds on the left side oppose steering winds, a reduction in speed is felt there. Using the previous example, a 90 mph storm with 25 mph steering winds becomes a 65 mph effective wind. Since hurricanes continually spiral counter-clockwise (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) as they travel, it can be difficult to distinguish one side of the storm from another. Heres a tip: pretend youre standing directly behind the storm with your back in the direction its traveling. Its right side will be the same as your right. So if a storm is traveling due west, the right front quadrant would actually be its northern region.

Internet as a social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet as a social media - Essay Example Orkut emphasized on making social friends and brought the domain of Internet interactions closer than Microsoft Messengers and other instant messaging toolboxes. Social media websites were designed to be more intuitive for people to people interaction. During the days of Instant Messaging, the interaction was limited to a private chat box, which could only extend to a particular number of people at a time. It was not a theatre of people to people communication since communication on the Instant Messaging chat boxes was an instantly private affair. However, Orkut changed all that. Now, people were given the opportunity to create their identity on the Internet, which went beyond the possibility of a P2P interaction. People created their own user identities, which were open for others to have a look at them. This allowed like-minded people to come together and interact. The social media websites created a hub for humans to find each other and communicate just like they would in their real lives, by making new friends in their official or social circle and then indulging in various relationships. â€Å"Social media are Internet sites where people interact freely, sharing and discussing information about each other and their lives, using a multimedia mix of personal words, pictures, videos and audio.† Orkut was extremely open in the way it carried out its affairs. Social privacy was not given much of an importance and this was the root cause as to why people shifted their focus from Orkut to Facebook, which had just started off in the year of 2006. I joined Facebook from Orkut in 2007 and even that at that time Orkut was a big deal, as there were more number of people logged in on Orkut than Facebook, but Facebook was catching up fast since it provided an even more intuitive, and friendly user interface which gave the user better command at his user identity on

Black Park in the UK and its macrofossils Essay

Black Park in the UK and its macrofossils - Essay Example The diversity index was used to assess invertebrate community according (Magurran (1991). Classification of functional feeding groups was done (Merritt and Cummins, 1996).   The chemical composition of the soil, the leaf detritus, and the functional feeding groups to test microorganisms, was done with covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and multi dependent analysis of variance (MANOVA) (yeast, bacteria and fungi) and invertebrate (density-dependent variable).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Samples were taken from dry soil areas, the floodplains and the lake area. The results in the soil samples and pollens collected along with leaf detritus were sieved and compared in terms of density, spread and age.  SamplesFrom dry soil areas, the floodplains and the lake area, the results are seen in the soil samples and pollens collected along with leaf detritus and sieved and sampled and compared to each other in terms of density and spread and the age.ResultsThe dry Soil Area displayed H olocene vegetation change as seen from the plant macrofossils and pollen from packrat middens ranging from 0 to 50,000 years.   (http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/eng-ee-beds-wet-woodlands.pdf/$FILE/eng-ee-beds-wet-woodlands.pdf). Semi-arid landscapes appeared covered with sage, chaparral, and grassland. . Ttreeless tundra was replaced by birch pine and beech.  Ã‚   Beech sprouts on limestone areas at the head of the Thames estuary can be seen and signs of Alder can also be seen.   Herbivores that are now extinct or reduced in numbers can also be spotted.

Involving others in assessments Essay Example for Free

Involving others in assessments Essay The assessment process in a beauty college involves many different people. Starting with the students that need to be assessed and who need be told the criteria which they are being assessed against so that they can try meet these needs. The teachers of the students need to be provided with a curriculum to teach and have access to various forms of information related to their subject matter so they can draw on these for course notes or offer extra material for students to give them a broader understanding of the subject. The assessors themselves need to know what facilities the college has with regards to where the tests are obtained from, what time frame is allocated, what different forms of assessment need to be conducted, what setting is in place be it a classroom or practical room or a simulation of a salon with a member of public coming in to be the client. They need to know who else in the college is qualified to assess should they have any questions and who the internal verifiers are to report to. Employers at the college need to provide assessment opportunities and find ways of networking with the staff through newsletters or internal meetings to identify good practice in assessing across the board and to maintain consistency throughout the staff. The internal verifiers are there to check the quality of assessing and to measure and improve further quality of assessments. External verifiers are needed to check that the internal verifiers are doing their job properly and check the quality of the work being done. They are usually given a selection of pre assessed papers so they can re-assess them to check for accuracy in assessing and to be able to check the standard of a college and report back to the awarding body that a college is able to claim certification for their students, or if the college needs to amend certain criteria before claiming certification. So in my college experience I was taught my course material by various teachers, assessed by teachers by written tests or projects or in the practical classroom. The teachers had to report to the principal of the college for our results and the principal often came into the assessing rooms while we were busy with class or doing tests. An external examining body from the international guild of beauty therapy was asked to do our final assessments and we were given lists stating what the examiner would be looking for. We were assessed according to the international level set by the beauty guild and only if we passed with a stipulated percentage were we awarded our qualification. Peer and Self assessment: Self assessment allows the student to work out their own strengths and weaknesses and tailor their own learning plan to best suit themselves. This works well when you have a motivated student who is willing to admit their own setbacks to themselves and strive to address these and move forward in the right direction with a better sense of what they want to achieve and how to do that. Peer assessment can be very helpful in that students get to go over their own knowledge of the subject being assessed while they assess their peer therefore doing revision and also being more aware of what they may not know or of how their peer does something better than they would have done and learning from them. I find self and peer evaluation very helpful in a beauty college especially as it is such a practical course and a lot of time is spent practicing treatments on your peers or being the client to be practiced on. When a student is being the therapist they can carry out a treatment and assess themselves on how well they have learnt the procedure and where they get stuck and need help. They will be more confident in asking their peer for help or to give them feedback about their treatment and in-turn be able to use this feedback to modify their work and learn from this. When a student is being the client this is a great opportunity for them to really feel what different types of pressure feel like and what feel good and what doesn’t and use that to adapt their own techniques. They learn what it feels like to be on the therapy bed and be aware of the sounds around them that the student therapist makes or the questions they ask and what makes sense and works and what doesn’t. This is an invaluable way that students can improve themselves and be able to help their peers improve by giving them accurate feedback. How assessment arrangements can be adapted to learners: Students learn best in slightly different ways depending on what approach works best for them. A widely used model of learning style is Flemmings’ s (2001) Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK) model. If students are visual learners, they prefer to use images, pictures, colors, and maps to organize information and communicate with others. They work well from worksheets and the whiteboard and do their best on more theory based assessments like short questions, multiple choice, true and false or essays. In their practical assessments they will do well when needing to chart information the client has told them and write up skin diagnosis or plan future care appointments. If they are auditory learners they are the students who retain information better when the information is reinforced through sound. So they prefer class lectures rather than being given textbooks to read. These students do much better when their assessment are asked with short oral questions during class or explaining to an examiner why they are performing a certain treatment or using a certain method to perform a task. Being able to read their questions out aloud to themselves will also help them registered better what is required from them in the assessment. If they are kinesthetic learners then they prefer to be involved in activities. They learn through applying their knowledge practically by writing out notes during lectures or telling another person what they have learnt or performing practical treatments. Studying beauty therapy is a great choice for kinesthetic learns as much of the course involves taking part and learning through movement and a big part of your grading comes from performing treatments and demonstrating your skills to the assessors. For these learners doing theory assessments they can be kept motivated by doing diagrams or plotting graphs or doing oral reports so they are fulfilling their need for movement in learning.

Solar System Essay -- Science Astrology Planets Essays

Solar System Humans live on a small planet in a tiny part of a vast universe. This part of the universe is called the solar system, and is dominated by a single brilliant star-the sun. The solar system is the earth’s neighbourhood and the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are the Earth’s neighbours. They all have the same stars in the sky and orbit the same sun. Scientists believe the solar system began about 5 billion years ago, perhaps when a nearby star exploded and caused a large cloud of dust and gas to collapse in on itself. The hot, central part of the cloud became the sun, while some smaller pieces formed around it and became the planets. Other fragments became asteroids and comets, which also orbit the sun. The early solar system was a turbulent mix of hot gas and rocky debris. In the solar system everything is affected by the sun’s gravity. The planets and a variety of other objects, including comets, move the way they do because of the sun’s gravitational attraction. Our planet, Earth, is the third out from the sun. The planets are all different. Their differences are largely the result of their different distances from the sun. We call the planets that are closer to the sun, including the Earth, the inner planets. They are small rocky worlds. The outer planets are much larger and are made from much lighter materials. All but two planets, Mercury and Venus, have moons in orbit around them. The Moon The explorers found a dead world. There is no air and no water. Without an atmosphere, the sky is black at midday and the temperatures swing by hundreds of degrees from day to night. No rivers or oceans have eroded the surface; no volcanoes are rebuilding the boring landscape. The surface has survived unchanged for billions of years. Smooth plains and lava flows that froze on the Moon long before life arose on the Earth. Elsewhere, the Moon still bears the scars of every rock that has hit it from space, both large and small. The footprints of the visiting astronauts will survive for millions of years. Crash and splash Astronomers now believe the Moon is the remains of a giant cosmic traffic accident. In its very early days, the Earth was hit by a runaway planet the size of Mars. White-hot molten rock were splashed into space, and solidified into a ring of rocks around the Earth. These th... ...ut beyond Neptune. Then the surprises began to appear. First, Pluto follows a very elongated path rather than a neat circle around the Sun. Its orbit crosses over Neptune’s more circular route, so that sometimes Pluto is actually closer to the Sun than Neptune is. Its orbit it also tilted up more than any other planet. Double planet With better telescopes, astronomers found that Pluto is far smaller than any other planet-only half the size of Mercury is. And it’s not alone. In 1978, a moon was discovered orbiting very close to Pluto itself: only a powerful telescope can show them apart. This moon, Charon, is half Pluto’s own size, so that the two look more like a double planet and its moon. Charon lies so close to Pluto that it looms large in the sky. Pluto and Charon always turn the same face to each other as they orbit: from one side of Pluto Charon is always visible, while an imaginary inhabitant on the other side would never see Charon at all. In the 1990s, astronomers started finding many smaller worlds orbiting the Sun in this region, rather like the asteroid belt further in. Because they are made mainly of frozen water and gases, they are called â€Å"ice dwarfs†.

Writing A Paper Takes Patience and Time

A good piece of writing job is never easy to do. Writing is not as simple as it looks. There are too many things to think about even before a person would start writing. The first task of a writer is to think of a subject or topic that he or she is interested in writing about. He or she would then have to do researches to know if there will be sources to back up the paper. Next, the writer should make an outline to make his or her ideas organized, which would help the the whole paper to make sense. After making an outline, the writer can start with the writing process and make a first draft. Everyone should remember that they should never be satisfied with just a first draft because there are still many things to do after writing this draft. Usually, papers take too long to be written because writers tend to spend too much time thinking and deciding what topic to write about. However, once the writer knows what to write about, everything is expected to go smoothly. A lot of time and effort goes into researching about the chosen subject. At times, problems would be encountered when the writer finds out that there are only few sources that he or she can use. Researching requires a person to go to the library, conduct surveys, or search the Internet. All of these things take up time, which is why writers should allot enough time to write their papers. Or else, if unavoidable circumstances arise, it might be too late to do anything. Making an outline will make one's ideas flow continuously without awkward transitions from one topic to the next. A good writer also knows that to be able to produce a sensible paper, he or she has to follow a schedule because this would lessen the chances of cramming. A paper will always look as if it is rushed so having a schedule is better than to receive a failing mark. Before even beginning to write the first draft, writers should think of their audience. This is the people they intend to talk to through their work. Writers should know how knowledgeable their audience are about the topic being talked about so that no one will get confused and effort would not be wasted. Knowing who the audience will be also contributes to the ease of writing because the writer will know how extensive he or she needs to get on the paper to be able to communicate with the audience. Writers should readily accept that first drafts really do have mistakes. This is why they are called drafts. Not all writers can perfect a writing job the firs time around because it is hard to concentrate on thinking what to write and think about the grammatical structure of the whole paper at the same time. Drafts are meant to have mistakes and writers should always remember to make room for improvement. Writing takes time because writers should make sure that what they are writing about makes sense. They should be able to write sensibly and continuously without gearing off the topic or focusing on one aspect of the paper that other topics are being left out. After making a draft, writers should revise their papers and have them proofread by someone who has knowledge on the subject or someone who has the authority to do so. Revising will correct mistakes and make sure that the whole paper is complete in terms of ideas. Allowing somebody else to read the paper would help produce an unbiased opinion about the areas of the paper that need improvement. Revising would take time because checking for mistakes can take into two forms: one is for grammatical mistakes, and two is for the content errors. One cannot check for both at the same time. After having the first draft revised and proofread, the writer should follow the suggestions and comments by the other person and apply the corrected mistakes on the next paper. This process is repeated until the time comes when both the writer and the editor are satisfied with the work. Aside from these things, writing does take time because of the writers. It is known that writers cannot force themselves to write whenever they do not have the proper inspiration to do so. There are those who can write only at a certain time of the day. There are those who has to have a something before or during writing that without it, they will not be able to function. This is because writers need to be in the right state of mind and at the right moment to be able to come up with a good paper. This is opposed to other types of work where people can start and end their jobs at designated times. Writing does take a lot of patience and time but this is only because writers want to make sure that they bring out the best piece of writing to their audience. It does take a while and writers need to go through several processes but these efforts would pay off when they see the results of their work.

The Most Dangerous Game By William Golding - 1479 Words

Journalist Oriana Fallaci is quoted saying, â€Å"The moment you give up your principles, and your values, you are dead, your culture is dead, your civilization is dead. Period.† It is the morals that humans are born and raised with that create the civilized beings they are. However, what is taught can be lost in the dysfunctional world we live in today. The short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† by Richard Connell, and the classic novel Lord of the Flies written by William Golding, both display the uncivilized nature of mankind and the rash decisions that may happen as a result. Connell’s story begins in the ocean off the coast of Brazil, with a pair of hunters having a conversation, this conversation is short lived, as Sanger Rainsford, the main protagonist falls off the boat and swims to a mysterious Island for safety. Similarly, in Goldings’ Lord of the Flies, school boys between the ages of six and twelve crash onto an island in the Pacific, left to fend for themselves. This occurs when their plane crashes after being shot down. Despite the texts being set in different time periods, the authors express a common and universal theme: the regression of humankind may eventually lead to rash decisions and violence. The epiphany of this shared theme will be compared and contrasted through the troubled antagonists, the descriptive settings, and the distinct symbols used in each text. In both, â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† and Lord of the Flies, disgusting violence is displayed throughShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games And Lord Of The Flies Literary Analysis1419 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication of neurons throughout the body, leading to severe emotional instability (Underwood 2). At face value, The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Lord of the Flies by William Golding are skillful depictions of what occurs when youths are isolated from the rest of society. 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